The Digital Public Infrastructure Map

Tracking national-scale digital infrastructure around the world

China

Digital ID System
WIP

National digital identity

Governing entity
Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)
Status of implementation
Pilot
Legally binding redress mechanism
NA
URL
NA
Last Updated
01/10/24
Claim digital ID
YES
ID or Civil Registry Act
YES
Regulation for digital ID
NA
Identity act codifies legal status
NA
Identity act sets up procedural rules for data management
NA
Identity act clarifies relationship with feeder documents
NA
Terms of data storage and sharing available
NA
National Data Protection Act exists
YES
Data leak disclosure process exists
YES
Data handling terms exist
NA
Uses biometrics
YES
Enables authentication
YES
Enables KYC
NA
Enables authentication via government portal
NA
Two or more sectoral use cases enabled
NA
Digital Payment System
DPI-like

Interbank Payment System

Payment system type
Interbank payment system
Status of implementation
Active
Operator
Central bank
National or Regional
National
Annual value of transactions (USD)
NA
Annual volume of transactions
NA
Cost of transactions
Fixed fee model + variable fee based on volume (determined by participants for users)
Participants
2020- >400
Types of transactions supported
P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system
DNS
URL
https://fastpayments.worldbank.org
Last Updated
01/10/24
Active real-time payment system
YES
Cross-border payments
YES
QR code transactions
YES
Bank participation
YES
Non-bank participation
NO
Interoperability policy
NA
Participation rules
NA
Data-handling rules
NA
Reporting forum
YES
AML Law
YES
Digital Payment System
WIP

Mobile money

Payment system type
Mobile money
Status of implementation
Active
Operator
Commercial bank/ Private PSP
National or Regional
National
Annual value of transactions (USD)
NA
Annual volume of transactions
NA
Cost of transactions
NA
Participants
NA
Types of transactions supported
P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system
DNS
URL
https://fastpayments.worldbank.org
Last Updated
27/06/25
Active real-time payment system
YES
Cross-border payments
YES
QR code transactions
YES
Bank participation
NO
Non-bank participation
YES
Interoperability policy
NA
Participation rules
NA
Data-handling rules
NA
Reporting forum
YES
AML Law
YES
Digital Payment System
WIP

e-CNY (CBDC)

Payment system type
CBDC
Status of implementation
Active
Operator
Central bank
National or Regional
National
Annual value of transactions (USD)
2021- USD 12 B
Annual volume of transactions
2021- 8 M
Cost of transactions
NA
Participants
NA
Types of transactions supported
P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system
DNS
URL
https://www.hkma.gov.hk
Last Updated
27/06/25
Active real-time payment system
YES
Cross-border payments
YES
QR code transactions
YES
Bank participation
YES
Non-bank participation
NO
Interoperability policy
NA
Participation rules
NA
Data-handling rules
NA
Reporting forum
YES
AML Law
YES
Data Exchange System
WIP
National Integrated Big Data System (全国一体化政务大数据体系)
Base technical architecture
NA
Status of implementation
Pilot
Governing Entity
NA
Coordination unit
NA
National or Regional
National
Sector-specific or Cross-sectoral
Cross-sectoral
Permitted participants
NA
Ownership
Public
URL
https://www.gov.cn
Last Updated
01/10/24
Semantic interoperability
NA
Real-time sharing
NA
Scalable architecture
NA
Auditable
NA
Procedural rules for data mgmt
NA
Enrolment and participation information
NA
Used by more than one public entity
NA
Impact metrics
NA